Category Archives: Metal Detecting

Thesis Spotlight: David Hay

by ec002

This week I spoke with David Hay, a second year in the Applied Archaeology Masters program.

His thesis research is on an early 19th century mill site located in McConnells Mill State Park (PA). Very little research has been done on the mill, so his thesis will focus on the basics, which includes using historical documents to determine the history of the mill. This also includes determining the layout of the site and comparing it to other mills in western PA.

David using the total station

His research into historical documents led him to the Lawrence and Beaver Counties historical societies. There he looked at county histories, maps, tax records, and any other document he could find relating to the mill. His fieldwork was conducted in October 2025: he and some peers conducted metal detecting, mapped above ground features, and took dendrochronological samples. He mapped using a total station to take location points of the features that still remain at the site. Points were taken for the foundations, a retaining wall, mill stones, and the artifacts found during metal detecting. These points will be used to create a map of the site. The dendrochronological samples were taken from logs that are believed to be remains from the mill dam. Cores of the logs were taken to measure the tree rings and then analyzed to determine what year the tree was cut down. This is useful to obtain a rough date for when the mill was built.

From David: The results of the fieldwork are still being worked through, but once I have a firm grasp on how this mill was laid out I will compare it to other mills in the area. This comparison will determine if this mill is unique or if it follows the common design for the area. The historical document research has not provided an exact history but is pointing to this mill being built by Johnston Knight sometime in the 1820s.

Check out our Instagram page, @iup_archaeology for more pictures!

Department of Anthropology, Geospatial and Earth Sciences at IUP

We Can Now Detect Metal

by qjjfc

Earlier this semester a group of IUP graduate students had the opportunity to attend the Advanced Metal Detecting for Archaeologists course. A grant received by the organization covered our tuition, and we were able to get our lodging and travel expenses covered by the Deanne Snavely Fund at IUP. At the end of the course, we received certifications.

The Team

Metal detectors, if you can believe it, are geophysical instruments that emit a signal to detect buried metals. Their effectiveness can vary based on environmental conditions (especially ground cover, soil type, and moisture), detector quality, and operator experience. Keeping that in mind, our instructors advocated for the use of metal detecting in archaeological survey. They may only search for one material, but they are very effective at finding that material.

One of our instructors, Doug Scott, is well known for his work at Little Bighorn. His and his colleagues’ work at the battlefield involved deciphering troop movements based on the distribution of lead. Their research was a success, and it has had a significant impact on how battlefield archaeology is conducted today. This is an example of how metal detecting can make a positive contribution to archaeological research. In addition to learning about field methods and the operation of the equipment, we also looked at different case studies that implemented metal detector survey, and we learned about research design for metal detecting. Overall, the course was a success, and we left with some valuable skills. Thanks to IUP for sharing this opportunity with us!

My Brief Encounter with a Metal Detecting Hobbyist (Not a Love Story)

by Genevieve Everett

By: Genevieve Everett

Over break I was out doing some Christmas shopping at my boyfriends favorite fly shop in Pittsburgh. He spends A LOT of time (and money) there, so he’s gotten to know the staff pretty well, and by default, I have too. Anyway, seeing as I am clueless about fly-fishing one of the staff, Sharon was helping me pick out fly tying material. Sharon proudly introduced me to another regular customer: “This is Gen, she’s studying Archaeology”. The man that she introduced me to immediately decided to tell me that he and his buddies go metal detecting, and all of the “cool” stuff that they’ve found, including, Civil War era buttons, and so on. I nodded as he went on and on about taking objects from areas they knew they were not supposed to be taking them from. He continued to defend his side (at this point I couldn’t get a word in) by stating in some many words, “Why can’t I take these objects and teach my grand children about the past when institutions like the Smithsonian have repositories where artifact assemblages just sit there for years collecting dust?”

Before I go on to tell you how I responded, I will go on to tell you the little that I know about metal detecting in archaeology. Metal detecting is often used as a tool by archaeologists at battlefield and fort sites (Gettysburg, Fort Necessity, etc), because, well, there’s a lot of metal where gunpowder is involved. For example, this summer, the PHAST crew and myself did a metal detecting survey at Fort Deshler, a French and Indian War era fort in Pennsylvania. There are also strict laws (that vary by state) that dictate where and when you can metal detect. According to the Society for American Archaeology, there are distinctions made between private, state, and federal property. If on private property, one must have written permission from the landowner, otherwise it is considered trespassing. Same goes for state property, but this varies by state. Finally, it is typically illegal to metal detect on federal property without a federal permit, much like any federal archaeological work. Metal dectors are definitely breaking the law if they’re disturbing and recovering artifacts from an archaeological site. The moral of the story is, if you’re a metal detecting hobbyist, you better know the laws surrounding the hobby, or you could face jail time and/or fines.

Okay, so my response to the man? I understood where the man was coming from in his final point, so, I didn’t want to come off as “snooty” or “preachy”, because if I’ve learned anything about dealing with the public, that is the first way to make collectors go on the defensive. I told him that his exploits sound really interesting, because, hey, the guy seems like he’s fascinated by the past, even if how he chooses to learn about it is possibly illegal. However, I did tell him that as an archaeologist I have a few suggestions for future metal detecting. I went on to say that he could get in a lot of trouble if he continues to do what he’s doing, especially if the land he’s doing it on is protected. I told him to read up on Pennsylvania metal detecting laws, and if ever in doubt, and when possible, ask for written permission. I told him to photograph and record what he finds and where before pocketing it. In addition, I explained that leaving the found object in the ground, and marking/photographing the location is ideal, and to follow that up by contacting the state archaeologists of the find. By contacting the proper people, he would be making a contribution to the understanding of the past.

I know this guy might not change his ways, but maybe he will? It’s hard to say, since this was such a brief encounter. Before my time in the IUP Applied Archaeology MA Program (no, this is not a plug for the program!) I would not have felt as confident in speaking up about collecting/looting. Like I said above, learning to talk with collectors in a civil manner is the only way to reeducate them about their actions. We may not be able to get through to everyone, but it’s worth the try.

IUP DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY