The vast majority of all fair use content, that being content that is copyrighted and being legally used in another production, falls under one of two categories. The 1st Category is “parody.” This applies less to podcasts, as very few podcasts will do parodies or satire, but parodies are quite common on YouTube. Parody at its core is making fun of criticizing and mocking the original content in a comedic fashion. This is by far the form of fair use that allows the most leeway and the most use of copyrighted content. The law understands that a significant portion of the content has to be used for you to make fun of it. You need the character designs, plot, music, and setting of Pirates of the Caribbean to make an effective parody of parts of the Caribbean even if the characters are, say, internet pirates or something of that nature for the parody, for example. YouTube parodies are often copyright struck but most when their cases are due to the extreme support parody has in the law. You may upset the creator by parodying them, but, legally, you are protected as long as it falls under fair use. The other form of their use is harder to use and less defendable but equally important. This form is also the one that applies to podcasts as well as YouTube. This is criticism and discussion. This is the fair use law that allows for reviews, Top 10 lists, and discussions like that. I myself have written and recorded reviews, top 10 lists, and my reaction to or my analysis of different copyrighted works many times. You are not allowed to include the entire copyright at work in these discussions or criticism. However, it is logical and supported to “a song or summarize a story for a review or an analysis. So criticism, commentary, and discussion are all defendable under fair use for copyrighted material.